CT-AI TRAINING SOLUTIONS, EXAM QUESTIONS CT-AI VCE

CT-AI Training Solutions, Exam Questions CT-AI Vce

CT-AI Training Solutions, Exam Questions CT-AI Vce

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It is known to us that the CT-AI exam has been increasingly significant for modern people in this highly competitive word, because the CT-AI test certification can certify whether you have the competitive advantage in the global labor market or have the ability to handle the job in a certain area, especial when we enter into a newly computer era. Therefore our CT-AI practice torrent is tailor-designed for these learning groups, thus helping them pass the CT-AI exam in a more productive and efficient way and achieve success in their workplace.

ISTQB CT-AI Exam Syllabus Topics:

TopicDetails
Topic 1
  • ML Functional Performance Metrics: In this section, the topics covered include how to calculate the ML functional performance metrics from a given set of confusion matrices.
Topic 2
  • Machine Learning ML: This section includes the classification and regression as part of supervised learning, explaining the factors involved in the selection of ML algorithms, and demonstrating underfitting and overfitting.
Topic 3
  • Quality Characteristics for AI-Based Systems: This section covers topics covered how to explain the importance of flexibility and adaptability as characteristics of AI-based systems and describes the vitality of managing evolution for AI-based systems. It also covers how to recall the characteristics that make it difficult to use AI-based systems in safety-related applications.
Topic 4
  • Neural Networks and Testing: This section of the exam covers defining the structure and function of a neural network including a DNN and the different coverage measures for neural networks.
Topic 5
  • ML: Data: This section of the exam covers explaining the activities and challenges related to data preparation. It also covers how to test datasets create an ML model and recognize how poor data quality can cause problems with the resultant ML model.
Topic 6
  • Methods and Techniques for the Testing of AI-Based Systems: In this section, the focus is on explaining how the testing of ML systems can help prevent adversarial attacks and data poisoning.
Topic 7
  • systems from those required for conventional systems.
Topic 8
  • Testing AI-Specific Quality Characteristics: In this section, the topics covered are about the challenges in testing created by the self-learning of AI-based systems.
Topic 9
  • Test Environments for AI-Based Systems: This section is about factors that differentiate the test environments for AI-based
Topic 10
  • Testing AI-Based Systems Overview: In this section, focus is given to how system specifications for AI-based systems can create challenges in testing and explain automation bias and how this affects testing.
Topic 11
  • Introduction to AI: This exam section covers topics such as the AI effect and how it influences the definition of AI. It covers how to distinguish between narrow AI, general AI, and super AI; moreover, the topics covered include describing how standards apply to AI-based systems.

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ISTQB Certified Tester AI Testing Exam Sample Questions (Q11-Q16):

NEW QUESTION # 11
Which of the following is an example of an input change where it would be expected that the AI system should be able to adapt?

  • A. It has been trained to recognize cats and is given an image of a dog.
  • B. It has been trained to analyze mathematical models and is given a set of landscape pictures to classify.
  • C. It has been trained to recognize human faces at a particular resolution and it is given a human face image captured with a higher resolution.
  • D. It has been trained to analyze customer buying trend data and is given information on supplier cost data.

Answer: C

Explanation:
AI systems, particularly machine learning models, need to exhibit adaptability and flexibility to handle slight variations in input data without requiring retraining. The ISTQB CT-AI syllabus outlines adaptability as a crucial feature of AI systems, especially when the system is exposed to variations in its operational environment.
* Option A:"It has been trained to recognize cats and is given an image of a dog."
* This scenario introduces an entirely new class (dogs), which is outside the AI system's expected scope. If the AI was only trained to recognize cats, it would not be expected to recognize dogs correctly without retraining. This does not demonstrate adaptability as expected from an AI system.
* Option B:"It has been trained to recognize human faces at a particular resolution and it is given a human face image captured with a higher resolution."
* This is an example of an AI system encountering a variation of its training data rather than entirely new data. Most AI-based image processing models can adapt to different resolutions by applying downsampling or other pre-processing techniques. Since the data remains within the domain of human faces, the model should be able to process the higher-resolution image without significant issues.
* Option C:"It has been trained to analyze mathematical models and is given a set of landscape pictures to classify."
* This represents a complete shift in the data type from structured numerical data to unstructured image data. The AI system is unlikely to adapt effectively, as it has not been trained on image classification tasks.
* Option D:"It has been trained to analyze customer buying trend data and is given information on supplier cost data."
* This introduces a significant domain shift. Customer buying trends focus on consumer behavior, while supplier cost data relates to pricing structures and logistics. The AI system would likely require retraining to process the new data meaningfully.
* Adaptability Requirements:The syllabus discusses that AI-based systems must be able to adapt to changes in their operational environment and constraints, including minor variations in input quality (such as resolution changes).
* Autonomous Learning & Evolution:AI systems are expected to improve and handle evolving inputs based on prior experience.
* Challenges in Testing Self-Learning Systems:AI systems should be tested to ensure they function correctly when encountering new but related data, such as different resolutions of the same object.
Analysis of the Answer Options:ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus References:Thus,option Bis the best choice as it aligns with the adaptability characteristics expected from AI-based systems.


NEW QUESTION # 12
The stakeholders of a machine learning model have confirmed that they understand the objective and purpose of the model, and ensured that the proposed model aligns with their business priorities. They have also selected a framework and a machine learning model that they will be using.
What should be the next step to progress along the machine learning workflow?

  • A. Agree on defined acceptance criteria for the machine learning model
  • B. Tune the machine learning algorithm based on objectives and business priorities
  • C. Evaluate the selection of the framework and the model
  • D. Prepare and pre-process the data that will be used to train and test the model

Answer: B

Explanation:
Themachine learning (ML) workflowfollows a structured sequence of steps. Once stakeholders have agreed on theobjectives, business priorities, and the framework/model selection, the next logical step is to prepare and pre-process the databefore training the model.
* Data Preparationis crucial becausemachine learning models rely heavily on the quality of input data. Poor data can result in biased, inaccurate, or unreliable models.
* The process involvesdata acquisition, cleaning, transformation, augmentation, and feature engineering.
* Preparing the dataensures it is in the right format, free from errors, and representative of the problem domain, leading to better generalization in training.
* A (Tune the ML Algorithm):Hyperparameter tuning occursafter the model has been trainedand evaluated.
* C (Agree on Acceptance Criteria):Acceptance criteria should already have been defined in theinitial objective-setting phasebefore framework and model selection.
* D (Evaluate the Framework and Model):The selection of the framework and ML model has already been completed. The next step isdata preparation, not reevaluation.
* ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus (Section 3.2: ML Workflow - Data Preparation Phase)
* "Data preparation comprises data acquisition, pre-processing, and feature engineering.
Exploratory data analysis (EDA) may be performed alongside these activities".
* "The data used to train, tune, and test the model must be representative of the operational data that will be used by the model".
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:Supporting References from ISTQB Certified Tester AI Testing Study Guide:Conclusion:Since the model selection is complete, thenext step in the ML workflow is to prepare and pre-process the datato ensure it is ready for training and testing. Thus, thecorrect answer is B.


NEW QUESTION # 13
Consider an AI system in which the complex internal structure has been generated by another software system. Why would the tester choose to do black-box testing on this particular system?

  • A. Test automation can be built quickly and easily from the test cases developed during black-box testing.
  • B. The black-box testing method will allow the tester to check the transparency of the algorithm used to create the internal structure.
  • C. Black-box testing eliminates the need for the tester to understand the internal structure of the AI system.
  • D. The tester wishes to better understand the logic of the software used to create the internal structure.

Answer: C

Explanation:
In AI-based systems, particularly those where theinternal structure has been generated by another software system, the complexity often makes it difficult for human testers to analyze the inner workings. As per the ISTQB Certified Tester AI Testing (CT-AI) Syllabus:
* Black-box testingis particularly useful when dealing with AI systems that have been generated by another system because:
* It allows testingwithout requiring knowledge of the internal logic.
* The AI model may be too complex for human testers to comprehend, making white-box testing ineffective.
* Black-box testing evaluates theinputs and outputs, ensuring functional correctnesswithout needing insight into how the system reaches a decision.
* Why other options are incorrect?
* A (Test automation and black-box testing): While automation is possible,black-box testing is not primarily about automationbut aboutabstracting the internal complexity.
* B (Understanding the logic of the software): This contradicts the premise of black-box testing, which is designed totest functionality without needing to understandthe inner workings.
* C (Checking transparency of the algorithm):Black-box testing does not check algorithm transparency-that would requirewhite-box testing or explainability techniques.
Thus, the best choice isOption D, as black-box testingremoves the need to analyze the internal structure of AI systems, making it the most appropriate testing method in this case.
Certified Tester AI Testing Study Guide References:
* ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus v1.0, Section 8.5 (Challenges Testing Complex AI-Based Systems)
* ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus v1.0, Section 8.6 (Testing the Transparency, Interpretability, and Explainability of AI-Based Systems)


NEW QUESTION # 14
Which of the following problems would best be solved using the supervised learning category of regression?

  • A. Determining the optimal age for a chicken's egg laying production using input data of the chicken's age and average daily egg production for one million chickens.
  • B. Determining if an animal is a pig or a cow based on image recognition.
  • C. Recognizing a knife in carry on luggage at a security checkpoint in an airport scanner.
  • D. Predicting shopper purchasing behavior based on the category of shopper and the positioning of promotional displays within a store.

Answer: A

Explanation:
Understanding Supervised Learning - RegressionSupervised learning is a category of machine learning where the model is trained on labeled data. Within this category,regressionis used when the goal is to predict a continuous numeric value.
* Regressiondeals with problems where the output variable is continuous in nature, meaning it can take any numerical value within a range.
* Common examples include predicting prices, estimating demand, and analyzing production trends.
* (A) Determining the optimal age for a chicken's egg-laying production using input data of the chicken's age and average daily egg production for one million chickens.#(Correct)
* This is a classicregression problembecause it involves predicting a continuous variable:daily egg productionbased on the input variablechicken's age.
* The goal is to find a numerical relationship between age and egg production, which makesregression the appropriate supervised learning method.
* (B) Recognizing a knife in carry-on luggage at a security checkpoint in an airport scanner.#(Incorrect)
* This is animage recognition task, which falls underclassification, not regression.
* Classification problems involve assigning inputs to discrete categories (e.g., "knife detected" or
"no knife detected").
* (C) Determining if an animal is a pig or a cow based on image recognition.#(Incorrect)
* This is anotherclassification problemwhere the goal is to categorize an image into one of two labels (pig or cow).
* (D) Predicting shopper purchasing behavior based on the category of shopper and the positioning of promotional displays within a store.#(Incorrect)
* This problem could involve a mix ofclassificationandassociation rule learning, but it does not explicitly predict a continuous variable in the way regression does.
* Regression is used when predicting a numeric output."Predicting the age of a person based on input data about their habits or predicting the future prices of stocks are examples of problems that use regression."
* Supervised learning problems are divided into classification and regression."If the output is numeric and continuous in nature, it may be regression."
* Regression is commonly used for predicting numerical trends over time."Regression models result in a numerical or continuous output value for a given input." Analysis of Answer ChoicesReferences from ISTQB Certified Tester AI Testing Study GuideThus,option A is the correct answer, as it aligns with the principles of regression-based supervised learning.


NEW QUESTION # 15
Upon testing a model used to detect rotten tomatoes, the following data was observed by the test engineer, based on certain number of tomato images.

For this confusion matrix which combinations of values of accuracy, recall, and specificity respectively is CORRECT?
SELECT ONE OPTION

  • A. 0.84.1,0.9
  • B. 0.87.0.9. 0.84
  • C. 1,0.9, 0.8
  • D. 1,0.87,0.84

Answer: B

Explanation:
To calculate the accuracy, recall, and specificity from the confusion matrix provided, we use the following formulas:
Confusion Matrix:
Actually Rotten: 45 (True Positive), 8 (False Positive)
Actually Fresh: 5 (False Negative), 42 (True Negative)
Accuracy:
Accuracy is the proportion of true results (both true positives and true negatives) in the total population.
Formula: Accuracy=TP+TNTP+TN+FP+FNtext{Accuracy} = frac{TP + TN}{TP + TN + FP + FN}Accuracy=TP+TN+FP+FNTP+TN Calculation: Accuracy=45+4245+42+8+5=87100=0.87text{Accuracy} = frac{45 + 42}{45 + 42 + 8 + 5} = frac{87}{100} = 0.87Accuracy=45+42+8+545+42=10087=0.87 Recall (Sensitivity):
Recall is the proportion of true positive results in the total actual positives.
Formula: Recall=TPTP+FNtext{Recall} = frac{TP}{TP + FN}Recall=TP+FNTP Calculation: Recall=4545+5=4550=0.9text{Recall} = frac{45}{45 + 5} = frac{45}{50} = 0.9Recall=45+545=5045=0.9 Specificity:
Specificity is the proportion of true negative results in the total actual negatives.
Formula: Specificity=TNTN+FPtext{Specificity} = frac{TN}{TN + FP}Specificity=TN+FPTN Calculation: Specificity=4242+8=4250=0.84text{Specificity} = frac{42}{42 + 8} = frac{42}{50} = 0.84Specificity=42+842=5042=0.84 Therefore, the correct combinations of accuracy, recall, and specificity are 0.87, 0.9, and 0.84 respectively.
Reference:
ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus, Section 5.1, Confusion Matrix, provides detailed formulas and explanations for calculating various metrics including accuracy, recall, and specificity.
"ML Functional Performance Metrics" (ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus, Section 5).


NEW QUESTION # 16
......

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